Introduction
Critical Thinking Tests are a powerful tool used by educational institutions and employers to evaluate an individual’s ability to think critically and analytically. These tests measure your capacity to analyze information, solve problems, and make decisions, focusing on how you think rather than what you know.
Key facts about Critical Thinking Tests include:
- Purpose: They assess your ability to evaluate, understand, and analyze information, testing your capacity to think logically and make informed decisions.
- Skills Measured: These tests measure cognitive abilities including interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation.
- Format: The tests typically consist of multiple-choice questions based on passages, diagrams, or other forms of data.
- Question Types: They include judging inferences, recognizing assumptions, deduction, interpretation of information, evaluation of arguments, examining definitions, and judging credibility.
- Validity: Studies up to 2021 have shown these tests to be a valid and reliable measure of critical thinking skills, with a moderate validity coefficient of around 0.3 to 0.4.
- Usage: As of 2021, over 20,000 educational institutions and businesses worldwide use Critical Thinking Tests.
- Duration: These tests typically last between 45 to 60 minutes.
Remember, the goal of these tests is to measure your ability to reason, make judgments, and solve problems. They are a testament to your thinking prowess, not your knowledge of specific content.
Did you know?
Critical Thinking Tests, while primarily multiple-choice, often include sections that require written responses, adding a qualitative dimension to the quantitative scoring. Successful test-takers typically exhibit strong problem-solving skills, a keen eye for detail, and an ability to think logically under time pressure.
The tests are usually administered online, making them accessible and convenient. Employers use the results not only to assess a candidate’s critical thinking skills, but also to predict job performance, as studies have shown a correlation between high test scores and workplace success.
Critical Thinking Questions Types
Critical Thinking Tests encompass a variety of question types, each designed to assess different aspects of your critical thinking skills. Here’s an overview of the question types you’ll encounter:
- Judging Inferences: These questions assess your ability to draw logical conclusions from a given set of information. You’ll need to use your analytical skills to infer the most likely outcome based on the data provided.
- Recognizing Assumptions: These questions test your ability to identify underlying assumptions in arguments or statements. This requires a keen eye for detail and the ability to distinguish between explicit information and implicit assumptions.
- Deduction: Deduction questions measure your ability to apply general rules to specific situations. You’ll need to use logical reasoning to deduce the correct answer from the information given.
- Interpretation of Information: These questions evaluate your ability to understand and interpret complex information. You’ll need strong comprehension skills to accurately interpret the data and draw conclusions.
- Evaluation of Arguments: These questions assess your ability to evaluate the strength and validity of different arguments. This requires an understanding of logical reasoning and the ability to identify flaws in arguments.
- Examining Definitions: These questions test your ability to understand and apply definitions. You’ll need to use your comprehension and analytical skills to correctly apply the definitions to different scenarios.
- Judging Credibility: These questions measure your ability to assess the credibility of sources and statements. This requires a critical eye and the ability to distinguish between reliable and unreliable information.
Critical Thinking Tests are composed of various question types, each designed to assess a specific aspect of your critical thinking abilities. The table below provides a concise summary of each question type and the skills necessary to excel in them.
| Question Type | Skills Assessed |
|---|---|
| Judging Inferences | Ability to draw logical conclusions from given information |
| Recognizing Assumptions | Ability to identify underlying assumptions in arguments or statements |
| Deduction | Ability to apply general rules to specific situations |
| Interpretation of Information | Ability to understand and interpret complex information |
| Evaluation of Arguments | Ability to evaluate the strength and validity of different arguments |
| Examining Definitions | Ability to understand and apply definitions |
| Judging Credibility | Ability to assess the credibility of sources and statements |
Each of these question types requires a different set of skills, but all of them are rooted in the ability to think critically and analytically. In the following sections, we’ll delve deeper into each question type and provide strategies for tackling them effectively.
Judging Inferences Questions
Judging Inferences questions are a common component of Critical Thinking Tests. They assess your ability to draw logical conclusions from a given set of information. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you tackle these questions effectively:
Understanding the Question Type
In these questions, you’ll be presented with a statement or a set of facts. Your task is to infer what could be true based on this information. The key here is to avoid making assumptions that aren’t supported by the facts given.
Skills Required
To excel in these questions, you need strong analytical skills and the ability to think logically. You must be able to sift through the information, identify the relevant details, and use these details to draw a logical conclusion.
Strategies for Success
- Read Carefully: Start by reading the given information carefully. Make sure you understand what is being stated before you attempt to draw any conclusions.
- Identify Relevant Information: Not all information provided will be relevant to the inference. Learn to distinguish between necessary details and extraneous information.
- Avoid Assumptions: Only make inferences based on the information given. Avoid bringing in outside knowledge or making assumptions that aren’t directly supported by the facts.
- Think Logically: Use logical reasoning to draw your conclusions. If the given information suggests a certain outcome, that’s the inference you should make.
- Practice: Like any other skill, your ability to make accurate inferences will improve with practice. Use sample questions and practice tests to hone your skills.
Remember, the key to success in Judging Inferences questions is to base your conclusions solely on the information provided, avoiding assumptions and using logical reasoning to guide your thought process. With careful reading, logical thinking, and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle these questions on your Critical Thinking Test.
Judging Inferences Sample Question
A worldwide study shows that there are behavioral shifts among consumers. 41% said that they are “increasingly looking for ways to save money.” Consumers are largely brand-loyal but shop around for the best prices. Only 12% of consumers have traded-down to buy cheaper brands (such as bottled water), with 11% trading up (with products such as cosmetics). There has been a big shift towards online shopping.
Proposed inference:
Not all consumer behavior is concerned with saving money.
- True
- Probably true
- Insufficient data
- Probably false
- False
Answer: True
This inference can be drawn from the evidence that “Consumers are largely brand-loyal.” The inferential link between the words “largely brand-loyal” and “not all” emphasizes how this inference can be seen as true. It would cease to be true if the inference was given as “All consumer behavior is concerned with making money.”
Recognizing Assumptions Questions
Recognizing Assumptions questions are another key component of Critical Thinking Tests. They evaluate your ability to identify underlying assumptions in arguments or statements. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you navigate these questions:
Understanding the Question Type
In these questions, you’ll be presented with a statement or argument. Your task is to identify any assumptions that the statement or argument is based on. Assumptions are beliefs or ideas that are taken for granted but not explicitly stated.
Skills Required
To excel in these questions, you need a keen eye for detail and the ability to distinguish between explicit information and implicit assumptions. You also need to understand the logic of arguments and how assumptions can underpin them.
Strategies for Success
- Read Carefully: Start by reading the statement or argument carefully. Make sure you understand it fully before trying to identify any assumptions.
- Understand the Argument: Break down the argument into its constituent parts. Identify the claim being made and the evidence provided to support it.
- Identify the Gap: Look for gaps between the claim and the evidence. These gaps are often filled by assumptions.
- Question the Argument: Ask yourself what needs to be true for the argument to hold. The answers to this question are likely the assumptions.
- Practice: Use sample questions and practice tests to improve your ability to recognize assumptions. The more you practice, the better you’ll get at spotting them.
Remember, the key to success in Recognizing Assumptions questions is to read carefully, understand the argument, and look for gaps between the claim and the evidence. With these strategies and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle these questions on your Critical Thinking Test.
Recognizing Assumptions Sample Question
The main justification for taxation is to raise money to increase public welfare rather than to limit the choices available for private spending.
Proposed assumption:
Choices made by private spending will not maximize public welfare.
- Assumption made
- Assumption not made
Answer: Assumption made
This must be presupposed since, if the main justification for taxation is to increase public welfare, then it must be believed that private spending would not do this to the same degree.
Deduction Questions
Deduction questions form an integral part of Critical Thinking Tests. They measure your ability to apply general rules to specific situations. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you master these questions:
Understanding the Question Type
In Deduction questions, you’ll be given a general rule or principle, followed by a specific scenario. Your task is to determine whether the scenario adheres to the rule or principle.
Skills Required
To excel in these questions, you need strong logical reasoning skills. You must be able to understand the general rule and accurately apply it to the specific scenario.
Strategies for Success
- Understand the Rule: Start by understanding the general rule or principle. Make sure you comprehend it fully before moving on to the scenario.
- Apply the Rule: Next, apply the rule to the specific scenario. Determine whether the scenario follows the rule or violates it.
- Avoid Assumptions: Don’t make assumptions that aren’t supported by the rule. Stick strictly to the rule as it’s presented.
- Think Logically: Use logical reasoning to guide your decision. If the scenario logically follows from the rule, then it adheres to it. If not, it violates the rule.
- Practice: Use sample questions and practice tests to improve your deduction skills. The more you practice, the better you’ll get at applying general rules to specific scenarios.
Remember, the key to success in Deduction questions is to understand the rule, apply it logically to the scenario, and avoid making unsupported assumptions. With these strategies and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle Deduction questions on your Critical Thinking Test.
Deduction Sample Question
Some economic predictions are accurate for the short-term. All economic predictions that are accurate for the short-term are inaccurate for the long-term. Therefore…
Proposed conclusion:
No economic predictions are accurate for the long-term.
- Conclusion follows
- Conclusion does not follow
Answer: The conclusion does not follow
The conclusion does not follow since we cannot identify from the statements whether there are any economic predictions that are accurate for the long-term. If we look at the structure of the statements in a simplified form, we get “Some A are B. All B are C.” A logical conclusion to this will be “So some A are C.” Looking at this suggested conclusion in terms of the simplified structure, we see that this would not fit, since it would have to be “No A are D.”
Interpretation of Information Questions
Interpretation of Information questions are a significant part of Critical Thinking Tests. They evaluate your ability to understand and interpret complex information. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you excel in these questions:
Understanding the Question Type
In these questions, you’ll be presented with a complex piece of information, which could be a passage, a graph, a table, or any other form of data. Your task is to interpret this information accurately and answer questions based on your interpretation.
Skills Required
To excel in these questions, you need strong comprehension skills and the ability to interpret data in various forms. You also need to be able to draw logical conclusions based on your interpretation.
Strategies for Success
- Read/Analyze Carefully: Start by carefully reading or analyzing the given information. Make sure you understand it fully before attempting to answer any questions.
- Identify Key Points: Look for the key points in the information. These will often form the basis of the questions.
- Interpret Accurately: Use your comprehension skills to interpret the information accurately. Be careful not to misinterpret or misunderstand the data.
- Answer Based on Information: When answering questions, base your answers strictly on the information given. Avoid bringing in outside knowledge or making assumptions.
- Practice: Use sample questions and practice tests to improve your interpretation skills. The more you practice, the better you’ll get at interpreting complex information.
Remember, the key to success in Interpretation of Information questions is to read or analyze the information carefully, interpret it accurately, and base your answers strictly on the given information. With these strategies and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle these questions on your Critical Thinking Test.
Interpretation of Information Sample Question
Economic forecasters tend to perform well with three to four-month predictions, but become much less successful beyond this timescale, especially with 22 months or more. The biggest errors occur ahead of economic contractions. This is because, though economies normally have steady but slow growth, when they contract, they do so sharply.
Proposed conclusion:
Short-term forecasts (up to four months) of an economy’s performance are normally accurate except when the economy contracts.
- Conclusion follows
- Conclusion does not follow
Answer: The conclusion follows
This is drawn from the evidence on the normal success of short-term forecasts (“Economic forecasters tend to perform well within three to four-month predictions”) and the reason for the lack of success when the economy contracts (“though economies normally have steady but slow growth, when they contract, they do so sharply”). In this way, the evidence is sufficient for this conclusion to be drawn beyond a reasonable doubt.
Evaluation of Arguments Questions
Evaluation of Arguments questions are a crucial part of Critical Thinking Tests. They assess your ability to evaluate the strength and validity of different arguments. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you navigate these questions:
Understanding the Question Type
In these questions, you’ll be presented with an argument, which is a claim supported by evidence. Your task is to evaluate the strength of the argument, considering the validity of the claim and the quality of the supporting evidence.
Skills Required
To excel in these questions, you need an understanding of logical reasoning and the ability to identify flaws in arguments. You also need to be able to assess the quality and relevance of the evidence provided.
Strategies for Success
- Understand the Argument: Start by understanding the claim being made and the evidence provided to support it. Make sure you comprehend the argument fully before attempting to evaluate it.
- Assess the Evidence: Evaluate the quality and relevance of the evidence. Good evidence is reliable, relevant, and directly supports the claim.
- Identify Flaws: Look for any flaws in the argument. These could be logical fallacies, unsupported claims, or irrelevant evidence.
- Evaluate the Argument: Based on your assessment of the evidence and any flaws you’ve identified, evaluate the overall strength of the argument.
- Practice: Use sample questions and practice tests to improve your argument evaluation skills. The more you practice, the better you’ll get at evaluating arguments.
Remember, the key to success in Evaluation of Arguments questions is to understand the argument, assess the evidence, identify any flaws, and evaluate the overall strength of the argument. With these strategies and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle these questions on your Critical Thinking Test.
Evaluation of Arguments Sample Question
Should tax evasion and theft be seen as equivalent crimes?
Argument:
No; most people who commit tax evasion wouldn’t also commit theft.
- The Argument is strong
- The Argument is weak
Answer: Weak argument
This doesn’t begin to address the issue since it doesn’t make any reference to the issue of equivalence. As a result, it does not provide a relevant reason.
Examining Definitions Questions
Examining Definitions questions are an integral part of Critical Thinking Tests. They test your ability to understand and apply definitions. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you master these questions:
Understanding the Question Type
In these questions, you’ll be given a definition and a set of scenarios or statements. Your task is to determine which scenarios or statements align with the given definition.
Skills Required
To excel in these questions, you need strong comprehension and analytical skills. You must be able to understand the definition and accurately apply it to different scenarios.
Strategies for Success
- Understand the Definition: Start by understanding the definition. Make sure you comprehend it fully before attempting to apply it.
- Apply the Definition: Apply the definition to each scenario or statement. Determine whether it aligns with the definition or contradicts it.
- Avoid Assumptions: Don’t make assumptions that aren’t supported by the definition. Stick strictly to the definition as it’s presented.
- Think Logically: Use logical reasoning to guide your decision. If the scenario logically aligns with the definition, then it fits. If not, it doesn’t.
- Practice: Use sample questions and practice tests to improve your skills in examining definitions. The more you practice, the better you’ll get at applying definitions to different scenarios.
Remember, the key to success in Examining Definitions questions is to understand the definition, apply it logically to the scenarios, and avoid making unsupported assumptions. With these strategies and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle Examining Definitions questions on your Critical Thinking Test.
Examining Definitions Sample Question
“Are you happy with your investment in ABC Holdings?” asked Frank.
“Very much so – it has been a good investment,” said Mary. “I invested in them five years ago and they have given a good return over a period when other investments have achieved much less.”
Of the following, which is the best way to state Mary’s notion of a good investment?
- A good investment is one that produces a higher than predicted return over a given period.
- A good investment is one that produces a higher return than other investments.
- A good investment is one that produces a high return over a period when other investments have not done so.
Answer: The correct answer is 3
This is because it refers to the necessary aspects of the way in which Mary explains her use of the term. It refers to the return as “high” which can be seen to cover her use of the word “good” (since a good return would be seen as a high return). It also refers to the return on investment as being better in relation to returns on other investments, which is another feature of the way in which Mary uses the term.
(1) is incorrect. We cannot tell from the way in which Mary uses the term “good investment” whether or not the return on her investment had been predicted as being lower than that which was achieved.
(2) is incorrect. Though this captures part of the way in which Mary uses the term “good investment,” it does not make reference to the point that ABC Holdings has done well during a time when other investments have not done so well. In this way, (2) is not sufficiently specific to fit with the way in which Mary uses the term.
Judging Credibility Questions
Judging Credibility questions are a significant part of Critical Thinking Tests. They measure your ability to assess the credibility of sources and statements. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you excel in these questions:
Understanding the Question Type
In these questions, you’ll be presented with a source of information or a statement. Your task is to assess the credibility of the source or the likelihood of the statement being true.
Skills Required
To excel in these questions, you need a critical eye and the ability to distinguish between reliable and unreliable information. You also need to understand the factors that can affect credibility, such as the source’s expertise, bias, and reputation.
Strategies for Success
- Analyze the Source: Start by analyzing the source of the information. Consider the source’s expertise, bias, reputation, and any other factors that could affect its credibility.
- Evaluate the Statement: Evaluate the statement itself. Consider whether it’s logical, consistent with other known facts, and supported by evidence.
- Consider the Context: Consider the context in which the statement is made. The context can often provide clues about the statement’s credibility.
- Make a Judgment: Based on your analysis, make a judgment about the credibility of the source or the likelihood of the statement being true.
- Practice: Use sample questions and practice tests to improve your skills in judging credibility. The more you practice, the better you’ll get at making these judgments.
Remember, the key to success in Judging Credibility questions is to analyze the source, evaluate the statement, consider the context, and make a reasoned judgment. With these strategies and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle these questions on your Critical Thinking Test.
Judging Credibility Sample Questions
A research study on the language abilities of parrots has been running for a year. The head of the study, Dr. Polly Atkinson, has extensive experience in working on animal communication. She has recently published the first report on the research.
In the following question, two statements are given: (1) and (2). These statements are underlined and the source of them is given. You need to decide which of the two is the more believable but, if you think that neither one is more believable, then mark (3) as your answer.
(1) Parrots were able to use the majority of the words that they were taught (from “Parrots can talk better than young children” in an article based on the report by Dr. Atkins in “Modern Parenting,” a popular magazine).
(2) The parrots could mimic a large proportion (83.8%) of the words that they were given over a period of 100 days (from an article by Dr. Atkins in the journal “Animal learning and behavior”).
(3) Neither statement is more believable.
Answer: The correct answer is 2
This is more believable than (1) since it comes from the named expert in this research study. Though (1) is “based on” this expert’s report, it could be that it isn’t an entirely correct interpretation of her findings, especially with the word “use” rather than “mimic” and the reference to parrots being able to “talk better than young children” which is both vague and ambiguous (and is not necessarily claimed by Dr. Atkins).
Preparation Strategies
Preparing for a Critical Thinking Test can seem daunting, but with the right strategies, you can approach the test with confidence and poise. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you prepare effectively:
1. Understand the Test Format: Start by familiarizing yourself with the format of the test. Understand the different types of questions and what each type assesses. This will help you know what to expect and avoid surprises on test day.
2. Practice Regularly: Regular practice is the key to success. Use sample questions and practice tests to hone your skills. This will not only improve your critical thinking abilities but also help you become familiar with the test format.
3. Review Your Answers: After completing a practice test, review your answers. Understand why you got a question right or wrong. This will help you identify your strengths and weaknesses and guide your preparation.
4. Develop Your Critical Thinking Skills: Critical thinking is a skill that can be developed. Engage in activities that challenge your thinking, such as reading complex material, solving puzzles, or discussing controversial topics.
5. Stay Informed: Stay informed about current events and broad topics. This will not only improve your general knowledge but also help you understand complex issues, which can be beneficial in answering some types of questions.
6. Take Care of Your Health: Good physical health can contribute to good mental performance. Ensure you get enough sleep, eat a healthy diet, and engage in regular physical activity.
7. Stay Calm: Test anxiety can affect your performance. Develop strategies to stay calm, such as deep breathing exercises or mindfulness techniques.
This table presents some effective strategies for preparing for Critical Thinking Tests, along with a brief description and the benefit of each strategy.
| Strategy | Description | Benefit |
|---|---|---|
| Understand the Test Format | Familiarize yourself with the types of questions and test structure | Avoids surprises on test day |
| Regular Practice | Use sample questions and practice tests | Improves skills and familiarity with the test |
| Review Answers | Understand why you got a question right or wrong | Identifies strengths and weaknesses |
| Develop Critical Thinking Skills | Engage in activities that challenge your thinking | Enhances overall critical thinking abilities |
Remember, preparing for a Critical Thinking Test is not just about cramming information. It’s about developing your critical thinking skills, understanding the test format, and practicing regularly. With these strategies, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle your Critical Thinking Test. And remember, the goal is not to assess what you know, but how you think. So, approach your preparation with an open mind, a willingness to learn, and a commitment to improving your thinking skills.
“The critical thinking test was definitely the hardest part of the application process. It was a lot of reading comprehension and logic puzzles. I had to really think about the questions and make sure I was understanding them correctly. I also had to be able to identify the assumptions and biases in the arguments. It was a challenge, but I’m glad I took the time to prepare for it.”
Source: iPREP customer
Test Features
Critical Thinking Tests are designed with specific features that allow them to effectively measure an individual’s critical thinking abilities. Here’s an overview of these main features:
Purpose-Driven Design
The design of Critical Thinking Tests is purpose-driven, aimed at assessing an individual’s ability to analyze information, solve problems, and make decisions. The test doesn’t focus on what you know, but rather how you think, making it a valuable tool for educational institutions and employers alike.
Variety of Question Types
Critical Thinking Tests feature a variety of question types, each designed to assess a different aspect of critical thinking. From judging inferences and recognizing assumptions to evaluating arguments and judging credibility, each question type requires a unique set of skills and a different approach.
Time-Bound Assessment
These tests are typically time-bound, adding an element of time management to the skillset being assessed. This feature not only measures your critical thinking abilities but also your ability to perform under pressure.
Multiple-Choice Format
Most Critical Thinking Tests use a multiple-choice format, making them easy to administer and score. This format also allows for a wide range of question types and difficulty levels, providing a comprehensive assessment of your critical thinking skills.
Online Administration
Critical Thinking Tests are usually administered online, making them accessible to individuals worldwide. This feature also allows for immediate scoring and feedback, providing test-takers with valuable insights into their performance.
These features combine to make Critical Thinking Tests a comprehensive, accessible, and effective tool for assessing critical thinking skills. They are designed not just to test your abilities, but to provide you with valuable feedback that can help you improve your thinking skills and enhance your performance in various areas of life.
This table outlines the key skills that are typically assessed by Critical Thinking Tests, along with a brief description and the importance of each skill.
| Skill | Description | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| Inference | Drawing conclusions based on evidence | Essential for decision-making |
| Recognition of Assumptions | Identifying unstated premises | Helps avoid flawed reasoning |
| Deduction | Applying general rules to specific situations | Crucial for problem-solving |
| Interpretation | Understanding the meaning of information | Key to effective communication |
| Evaluation of Arguments | Assessing the strength of an argument | Vital for making informed judgments |
Common Critical Thinking Tests
There are several commonly used Critical Thinking Tests, each designed to measure critical thinking skills in a slightly different way. Here’s an overview of some of the most common ones:
- Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA): The WGCTA is one of the most widely used critical thinking tests, favored by many law firms and graduate schools. It measures critical thinking skills across five areas: inference, recognition of assumptions, deduction, interpretation, and evaluation of arguments. The test consists of 40 questions and takes about 30 minutes to complete.
- Cornell Critical Thinking Test (CCTT): The CCTT is a multiple-choice test designed to measure critical thinking skills in students from grades 5 through 12, as well as adults. It assesses skills such as induction, deduction, credibility, identification of assumptions, and definition of terms. The test consists of 71 items and takes about 50 minutes to complete.
- California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST): The CCTST is designed to measure the core critical thinking skills identified as essential for educational and career success. It assesses skills such as analysis, inference, evaluation, induction, and deduction. The test consists of 34 items and takes about 45 minutes to complete.
- HEIghten Critical Thinking Assessment: This test, developed by the Educational Testing Service (ETS), measures critical thinking skills in areas such as reasoning, analysis, and problem-solving. It is often used in higher education to assess the critical thinking skills of undergraduate students. The test consists of 36 items and takes about 45 minutes to complete.
This table provides a snapshot of some of the most common types of Critical Thinking Tests, including the test provider, the target audience, and the key features of each test.
| Test Name | Provider | Target Audience | Key Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| WGCTA | Pearson | Law firms, Graduate schools | Measures five key areas of critical thinking |
| CCTT | The Critical Thinking Co. | Students from grades 5-12, Adults | Assesses a range of critical thinking skills |
| CCTST | Insight Assessment | Higher education, Professional fields | Measures core critical thinking skills |
| HSRT | Insight Assessment | Health science students and professionals | Assesses critical thinking in a health sciences context |
Each of these tests offers a unique approach to measuring critical thinking skills, but all are designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of an individual’s ability to think critically and analytically.
“The critical thinking test was more about how you think than what you know. The questions were designed to test your ability to analyze information, identify patterns, and solve problems. There were a lot of reading comprehension questions, but there were also some logic puzzles and questions that required you to think outside the box. I found it to be a challenging but fair test.”
Source: iPREP customer
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Technical Facts
Fast Facts (tl;dr)
- Certainly, here’s a more concise version:
- Standardized scoring system.
- High reliability.
- Validated measurements.
- Strict security measures.
- Global accessibility.
- Online administration.
- Norm-referenced scores.
- Fair and unbiased design.
- Time limits.
- Randomized question order.
Critical Thinking Tests are designed with specific technical features that ensure their validity and reliability as assessment tools. Here’s a look at some of these key technical facts:
Standardized Scoring
Critical Thinking Tests use standardized scoring systems, which means that your score is compared to a norm group to determine your relative performance. This allows for a fair comparison of scores across different individuals and groups.
High Reliability
These tests are designed to be highly reliable, meaning that they produce consistent results over time. This is achieved through careful test design and rigorous testing of the test itself before it’s used in a real-world setting.
Validity
Critical Thinking Tests have been shown to have high validity, meaning that they accurately measure what they’re intended to measure – in this case, critical thinking skills. This is confirmed through extensive research and statistical analysis.
Test Security
To ensure the integrity of the test, strict security measures are often in place. These may include time limits, randomized question order, and secure online testing platforms.
Accessibility
Critical Thinking Tests are designed to be accessible to a wide range of individuals. They are typically available in multiple languages and can be taken online, making them accessible to individuals worldwide.
Norm-Referenced
Scores on Critical Thinking Tests are typically norm-referenced, meaning they are compared to the scores of a norm group (a representative sample of the population). This allows for a meaningful interpretation of individual scores.
These technical facts underscore the robustness and reliability of Critical Thinking Tests as tools for assessing an individual’s critical thinking skills. They are designed not just to test your abilities, but to do so in a way that is fair, reliable, and valid.
“It was a lot of different types of questions, but they all seemed to be designed to test your critical thinking skills. There were questions about logic, reasoning, problem solving, and even some about ethics. I thought it was a good test because it really made me think about how I approach problems and make decisions.”
Source: iPREP customer
Results Scale and Interpretations
Understanding the scoring and interpretation of Critical Thinking Tests is crucial for both test-takers and those who use these tests for assessment. The score report provides a comprehensive view of an individual’s critical thinking abilities, with several components contributing to the overall picture.
Raw Score: The raw score is the most straightforward component of the score report. It’s simply the number of questions you answered correctly. While this gives a quick snapshot of how well you did, it doesn’t provide much context, which is where the other components come in.
Percentile Ranking: The percentile ranking compares your score to a norm group, which is a representative sample of the population. For example, if your percentile ranking is 70, it means you scored higher than 70% of the individuals in the norm group. This gives a clearer picture of your performance relative to others.
Sub-Scores: Some Critical Thinking Tests provide sub-scores for different question types or skill areas. These can help you identify your strengths and weaknesses. For example, you might have a high sub-score in “Evaluation of Arguments” but a lower one in “Recognizing Assumptions.”
Score Range: The score range provides context for your raw score. It shows the lowest and highest possible scores on the test. This can help you understand where your score falls on the spectrum of possible scores.
Other Score Dimensions: Some tests may provide additional score dimensions, such as a confidence interval (which gives a range within which your true score likely falls) or a growth scale value (which measures your progress over time if you take the test multiple times).
For example, a test might have a score range of 0-100, with sub-scores for different skill areas. A candidate who scores 75 overall, with sub-scores of 80 in “Evaluation of Arguments” and 70 in “Recognizing Assumptions,” would be in the 75th percentile if the average score for the norm group is 50. This would indicate that the candidate has strong critical thinking skills overall, with particular strength in evaluating arguments.
The score report can be a valuable tool for assessing a candidate’s ability to perform tasks that require critical thinking. By looking at the overall score, percentile ranking, and sub-scores, you can get a comprehensive view of the candidate’s critical thinking abilities.
This table provides a snapshot of how a score report from a Critical Thinking Test might look, along with explanations of each score component. By understanding these components, you can gain a deeper understanding of your critical thinking abilities and how they compare to others. This can guide your preparation for future tests and help you develop your critical thinking skills more effectively.
| Score Component | Explanation | Alex’s Score | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Raw Score | Number of questions answered correctly. | 40/50 | Alex answered 40 out of 50 questions correctly. |
| Percentile Ranking | Comparison of score to a norm group. | 85 | Alex scored higher than 85% of the norm group. |
| Evaluation of Arguments (Sub-Score) | Score for specific skill area. | 22/25 | Alex is particularly strong in evaluating arguments. |
| Recognizing Assumptions (Sub-Score) | Score for specific skill area. | 18/25 | Alex has room for improvement in recognizing assumptions. |
In conclusion, the score report from a Critical Thinking Test provides a multifaceted view of an individual’s critical thinking abilities. By understanding the different components of the score report, you can gain a deeper understanding of your strengths, areas for improvement, and how your abilities compare to others. This can guide your preparation for future tests and help you develop your critical thinking skills more effectively.
“The questions were very open-ended and there wasn’t always a clear right or wrong answer. I had to really think about the questions and come up with my own arguments. I also had to be careful not to make any assumptions or leaps of logic. It was a challenge, but I’m glad I took the time to prepare for it.”
Source: iPREP customer
FAQs
A Critical Thinking Test is an assessment tool designed to measure an individual’s ability to analyze information, solve problems, and make decisions. It doesn’t focus on what you know, but rather how you think.
A Critical Thinking Test measures a range of skills, including the ability to draw inferences, recognize assumptions, evaluate arguments, and interpret information. It also assesses your ability to apply general rules to specific situations and judge the credibility of sources.
Most Critical Thinking Tests are multiple-choice and are administered online. They typically include a variety of question types, each designed to assess a different aspect of critical thinking.
Critical Thinking Tests use a standardized scoring system. Your raw score (the number of questions you answered correctly) is often compared to a norm group to determine your percentile ranking. Some tests also provide sub-scores for different skill areas.
Employers use Critical Thinking Test scores to assess a candidate’s ability to think critically and make sound decisions. High scores can indicate that a candidate has strong problem-solving skills and the ability to handle complex tasks.
Preparation strategies include understanding the test format, practicing regularly with sample questions and practice tests, reviewing your answers to understand your strengths and weaknesses, and developing your critical thinking skills through activities that challenge your thinking.
No, the questions on a Critical Thinking Test are designed to be answered based on the information provided in the test. You should not bring in outside knowledge or make assumptions that aren’t supported by the information given.
Yes, most Critical Thinking Tests are timed. This adds an element of time management to the skills being assessed.
Policies on retaking a test vary by test provider. Some may allow retakes after a certain period, while others may not. It’s best to check with the test provider or the organization administering the test.
If you don’t do as well as you’d hoped on a Critical Thinking Test, don’t be discouraged. Use it as a learning experience. Review your answers, identify areas for improvement, and focus on developing your critical thinking skills. With practice and preparation, you can improve your performance on future tests.
Critical Thinking Test Tips
- Understand the Question: Before you start answering, make sure you fully understand what the question is asking. Misinterpreting the question is a common mistake that can lead to incorrect answers.
- Manage Your Time: Keep an eye on the clock. Don’t spend too much time on a single question. If you’re stuck, it’s better to make an educated guess and move on rather than waste valuable time.
- Read All Options: Even if you think you’ve found the correct answer, read all the options. There might be another option that is more correct or complete.
- Use Process of Elimination: If you’re unsure of the answer, use the process of elimination to narrow down your options. This can increase your chances of choosing the correct answer.
- Stay Calm: Test anxiety can affect your performance. Use relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, to stay calm and focused during the test.
- Check Your Work: If you have time left at the end of the test, go back and check your answers. Make sure you didn’t make any careless mistakes or misread any questions.
- Trust Your Instincts: Your first instinct is often correct. If you’re torn between two answers, it’s usually best to stick with your initial choice.
Remember, the key to success on a Critical Thinking Test is not just your critical thinking skills, but also your test-taking strategy. By understanding the questions, managing your time effectively, considering all options, using the process of elimination, staying calm, checking your work, and trusting your instincts, you can maximize your performance on the test.
Administration
- Test Location: Critical Thinking Tests are typically administered online, allowing you to take the test from any location with a stable internet connection.
- Test Schedule: The test schedule can vary depending on the test provider or the organization administering the test. Some tests may be scheduled for specific dates and times, while others may allow you to choose a convenient time.
- Test Format: Most Critical Thinking Tests are computerized and use a multiple-choice format. This makes the test easy to administer and score.
- Test Materials: Since the test is typically administered online, you won’t need to bring any physical materials like pen and paper. However, you might want to have scratch paper and a pen handy for making notes or working out problems.
- Cost: The cost of taking a Critical Thinking Test can vary. Some employers or educational institutions may cover the cost of the test. If you’re taking the test independently, you’ll need to check the cost with the test provider.
- Retake Policy: The policy for retaking a Critical Thinking Test can vary by test provider. Some may allow you to retake the test after a certain period, while others may limit the number of retakes. It’s best to check the retake policy with the test provider or the organization administering the test.
Test Provider
Critical Thinking Tests are provided by several reputable organizations, each with its unique approach to assessing critical thinking skills. Two of the most prominent providers are Pearson and Insight Assessment.
Pearson, a multinational publishing and education company, is the provider of the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA), one of the most widely used critical thinking tests. Established in the UK in 1844, Pearson has grown into a global company with a presence in over 70 countries. The WGCTA, known for its rigorous assessment of critical thinking skills, is used by many law firms and graduate schools worldwide.
Insight Assessment, a US-based company, is another leading provider of critical thinking tests. Established in 1986, Insight Assessment has a global reach, providing tests in multiple languages and across various sectors, including education, business, health, and defense. Their top product, the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST), is recognized for its comprehensive assessment of core critical thinking skills and is widely used in higher education and professional fields.
Information Sources
- Pearson
- Insight Assessment
- Educational Testing Service (ETS)
- The Critical Thinking Co.
- Cambridge Assessment
Disclaimer – All the information and prep materials on iPrep are genuine and were created for tutoring purposes. iPrep is not affiliated with publishers of Critical Thinking tests.
Free Critical Thinking practice test: Get to know the most common types of questions in Critical Thinking Assessment Tests. Practice with these sample questions:
Question 1 of 7
First Type – Inference
A worldwide study shows that there are behavioral shifts among consumers. 41% said that they are “increasingly looking for ways to save money.” Consumers are largely brand loyal but shop around for the best prices. Only 12% of consumers have traded down to buy cheaper brands (such as bottled water), with 11% trading up (with products such as cosmetics). There has been a big shift towards online shopping.
Inference: Consumers who are brand loyal are less likely than those who aren’t to look for ways to save money.
- True
- Probably True
- Insufficient Data
- Probably False
- False
The correct answer is Probably False.
The third sentence gives evidence that, although “consumers are largely brand-loyal,” they also “shop around for the best prices.” Together, these two pieces of evidence make it not probable that brand-loyal customers “are less likely than those who aren’t to look for ways to save money.” At one level, you could say that this is an example of insufficient data, but this category applies when the evidence is simply insufficient (very often, it’s completely absent). Here the evidence is sufficient to understand that it makes this inference a “probably false” one.
Question 2 of 7
Second Type – Recognition of Assumptions
Statement: “It’s clear that there will be an exponential speed-up of AI performance, with a correspondingly huge impact on business strategy.”
Proposed Assumption: The greater the speed of AI performance, the bigger the impact is on business strategy.
- Assumption made
- Assumption not made
This assumption is made.
The relationship between AI performance and the impact on business strategy in the statement is such that the faster AI performance increases, the greater the impact on strategy must be. This can be seen if one looks at the original statement together with the negative version of the assumption.
“It’s clear that there will be an exponential speed-up of AI performance, with a correspondingly huge impact on business strategy.”
The greater the speed of AI performance, the less is the impact on business strategy.
As can be seen, this negative version does not fit at all with the statement, showing that the assumption must be made.
Question 3 of 7
Third Type – Deduction
Premises: All companies use ways to maximize their profits. Some companies use profit-sharing plans; such plans help to retain staff. Retaining staff is a way to maximize a company’s profits. Therefore…
Conclusion: Not all profit-maximizing companies retain staff.
- Conclusion follows
- Conclusion does not follow
This conclusion follows the premises.
In the diagram below, “A” represents all the profit-maximizing ways; hence, it represents all the companies because according to the first premise, “All companies use ways to maximize their profits.”
The next premises create a link between profiting-sharing plans, retaining staff, and maximizing profits. “B” represents the portion of the companies that follow this mechanism of maximizing profits.
This inference can be drawn from the first premise (“All companies use ways to maximize their profits”) and the significance of the second and the third, which together allow the conclusion that there are profit-maximizing companies that do not retain staff.
Question 4 of 7
Fourth Type – Interpretation
According to a 2018 survey, 76% of the US population considers someone with an annual income of $10,000 to be “poor,” and 56% considers someone with an annual income of $100,000 to be “rich.” The majority of people saw the category of “neither rich nor poor” as including annual incomes from $40,000 to $80,000. Almost equal percentages saw someone with an income of $90,000 as “rich” or “neither rich nor poor.”
Conclusion: To be considered “rich” in the US, someone needs to have an income of at least ten times that of the poor.
- Conclusion follows
- Conclusion does not follow
This conclusion does not follow beyond a reasonable doubt from the premises.
This neither takes into account the possible percentages for those seen as “poor” in income groups other than $10,000, nor the lack of full agreement on whether an income of $100,000 means that someone is “rich.” As a result, the evidence is insufficient for this conclusion to be drawn beyond a reasonable doubt.
Question 5 of 7
Fifth Type – Evaluation of Arguments
Question: Should tariffs on foreign goods be used as a way of protecting domestic jobs?
Argument: No; some domestic jobs are created as a result of importing foreign goods.
- Argument strong
- Argument weak
This argument is strong.
This provides both a relevant and important challenge to the question. If the focus is on the protection of domestic jobs, then risking the reduction of foreign imports through tariffs (by consequent price-increases) could reduce the number of jobs in some domestic industries.
Question 6 of 7
Sixth Type – Definition
“That’s an interesting piece of furniture,” said Anna.
“Interesting?” said Mike. “It’s more than interesting. It’s a real antique. It’s been made using a design that is well over 100 years old, using methods that are even older. You certainly don’t get craftsmanship like that anymore.”
“But does that make it an antique?” asked Anna.
Question: Of the following, which is the best way to state Mike’s notion of an antique?
- An antique is an item whose design and methods of construction are at least 100 years old and is no longer currently made to this level of skill.
- An antique is an item that was designed and made at least 100 years ago.
- An antique is an item that was made using methods not seen anymore and whose design is over 100 years old.
The correct answer is (A).
Mike sees an antique item as having three features: an at least 100 years old design, made according to methods that are older (so also covered by “at least 100 years old”), and the current absence of skills to make it. This definition covers all three of these features.
(B) is incorrect. Mike’s use of the term “antique” does not include the necessity of the item having been made at least 100 years ago.
(C) is incorrect. This includes two of the features of Mike’s use of the term (methods of construction no longer seen and design that is at least 100 years old), but it does not include the reference to the methods being at least 100 years old.
Question 7 of 7
Seventh Type – Credibility
Professor Whitman of the Food Research Laboratory (FRL) has been conducting research on the effectiveness of meal-replacement products in helping people lose weight. Interim results from his research have shown that, so far, Product A has not resulted in any significant weight loss in those who have used it, but that there was evidence of an up to 12.5% weight loss in those who used Product B.
In the following question, two statements are given: (A) and (B). These statements are underlined, and their sources are given. You need to decide which of the two is more believable but if you think that neither one is more believable, then mark (C) as your answer.
- One of the products we are testing has not resulted in any significant weight-loss (from a press release given by Professor Whitman)
- Product B has shown a more positive effect on weight loss than has Product A (stated by Professor Whitman in an interim report to the FRL research committee).
- Neither statement is more believable.
The correct answer is C.
Both (A) and (B) are accurate claims made by the same person based on the information given. Since there is no reason to question the credibility of either (A) or (B) (given their sources), this means that neither of them is more believable than the other.
Well done!
You have completed the Sample Questions section.
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About the course
Welcome to iPrep’s Critical Thinking test preparation course.
This course will help you boost your skills and with it your confidence towards your upcoming test. The course will provide you with the following tools and benefits:
- You will become familiar with the most common five types of questions on critical thinking tests – Inference, Recognition of Assumptions, Deductions, Interpretations, and Evaluation of Arguments.
- You will be given a full-length 40-question simulation test. This simulation includes similar questions to those you will encounter in real tests with the same level of difficulty. It also has the same estimated time limit as normally exist in real tests. Experiencing the test’s time pressure will ensure it will not come as a surprise on test day.
- You will be provided with a great variety of helpful tips for the different types of questions. Some of the tips are in the guidance sections and additional ones in the detailed explanations that follow each question.
15
Learning hours
9
Practice tests
246
Questions
30
Day access
By the end of this course, you will be more knowledgeable and comfortable with critical thinking test questions – Knowledge and familiarity with the test are the two most significant factors that can help you maximize your score and improve your chances of success.
The course is comprised of two parts – guidance and the test simulations. In the guidance section, we will review each type of question, its purpose, and its underlying logical mechanism. You will also have a chance to practice several test-level questions before approaching the test simulation to get a feel for the challenge ahead.
Afterwards, you will proceed to the simulation test. Once done, you will be able to get full question explanations and even see how well you performed in comparison with other people who have taken the test.
Wishing you an enjoyable learning experience!
Skills you will learn
Recognition of Assumptions
Evaluation of Arguments
Drawing Conclusions
Curriculum
- Course Introduction
- Question Types Guidance
- Test-Taking Tips
- Full-Length Critical Thinking Test Simulations
- Course Conclusion
About the author
Dr. Roy van den Brink-Budgen
Co-founder and Director of Studies of the Centre for Critical Thinking
Dr. Roy van den Brink-Budgen has been working in the field of critical thinking for over thirty years. His experience has included the development of various assessments in critical thinking, and teaching the subject to a wide range of groups (students from primary to postgraduate, teachers from primary to college, juvenile offenders, and business managers). He has also written seven books on the subject, many journal articles, and online courses for secondary students and MBA students (as well as having produced a critical thinking card game). He has given presentations to various international conferences on critical thinking and creative thinking.
His work in critical thinking has taken him to many countries (including France, India, Malaysia, New Zealand, Spain, the UK, and Singapore – where he is the Director of Studies at the Centre for Critical Thinking). He serves as a consultant on critical thinking to PocketConfidant, an international company that is developing AI for personal coaching. In addition, he runs a company that provides various services in critical thinking – if…then ltd – based in the UK.
Customer Testimonial
I am 100% sure that working through the examples & reading the explanations provided by iPrep has improved my scores!
Mike Walter
June 12, 2019 at 12:37 PM
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